Analyzing the Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Atmospheric River Statistics and Dynamics
Both atmospheric rivers (ARs) and tropical cyclones (TCs) are associated with extreme precipitation events, with ARs and TCs being typically associated with the mid-latitudes and the tropics, respectively. Despite their differences in origin and the apparent lack of relationship, a number of studies suggest that there are instances where ARs and TCs can be co-located, especially as TCs undergo extratropical transition. However, our understanding of how often ARs and TCs co-occur or whether this co-occurrence leads to a systematic difference in the properties and characteristics of the ARs/TCs involved is unclear. It is also unknown what fraction of the ARs are associated with TCs and vice versa. To explore these questions, we investigate the association between ARs and TCs by examining numerous case studies and by systematically examining ARs and TCs detected through automated, objective techniques. For this purpose, we use the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5), and Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) Tier 1 datasets. Based on literature review, we identify a list of potential events with indications of TCs interacting with ARs. To test the hypothesis that TC-related ARs are systematically different from their non-TC-related counterparts, we investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic differences between them. We also compare the composites of meteorological fields surrounding both types of ARs, and examine the distributions of precipitation between the two.