Soil organic carbon (SOC) can be a source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with the current balance depending on climate, disturbance, soil characteristics, and vegetation. Reliable estimates of regional SOC stocks and their spatial and temporal variability are essential to better understand controls of SOC stocks and their vulnerability to changing climate. Of particular concern are high-latitude SOC stocks, which are preserved, in large part, because of low temperatures. High latitude regions are expected to experience much higher temperature increases than temperate or tropical regions over the next century and therefore are a potentially vulnerable component of the global carbon cycle. Although uncertain, the total amount of frozen carbon in permafrost soils is estimated to be double that currently in the atmosphere. Further, the direction and magnitude of the SOC changes in response to climate change are very uncertain, and depend on the spatial and vertical distributions of SOC. In this paper, we estimated spatially resolved SOC stocks from surface to the C horizon, distinguishing active-layer and permafrost-layer stocks, based on geospatial analysis of 472 soil profiles and spatially referenced environmental variables for Alaska. We also provide estimates of the amount of permafrost carbon that could be thawed and made vulnerable to decomposition over the next century.